ãÞæí ÇáÔÈßÉ Signal Booster ãÍØÉ ÇáÅÑÓÇá æ ÇáÅÓÊÞÈÇá BTS
ãÍØÉ ÇáÈË ÇáÞÇÚÏíÉ, Base Transceiver Station



ãÍØÉ ÇáÅÑÓÇá æ ÇáÅÓÊÞÈÇá ÇáÞÇÚÏíÉ ÈÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ (Base Transceiver Station ): åæ ÌåÇÒ íÓåá ÇáÇÊÕÇá Èíä ÌåÇÒ ÇáãÓÊÎÏã æÔÈßÉ ÇÊÕÇá áÇÓáßí. Êßæä ÃÌåÒÉ ÇáãÓÊÎÏã ÚÇÏÉ ÃÌåÒÉ ãËá ÇáåæÇÊÝ ÇáãÍãæáÉ Ãæ åæÇÊÝ ÇáÔÈßÇÊ ÇáãÛáÞÉ Ãæ ÍæÇÓÈ ãÊÕáÉ ÈÔÈßÉ ÅäÊÑäÊ áÇÓáßíÉ. íãßä ááÔÈßÉ Ãä Êßæä Ãí ÔÈßÉ ÇÊÕÇá áÇÓáßíÉ ãËá ÇáäÙÇã_ÇáÚÇáãí_ááÅÊÕÇáÇÊ_ÇáãÊäÞáÉGSM ¡ Óí_Ïí_Åã_ÃíåCDMA , ÏÇÆÑÉ_áÇÓáßíÉ_ãÛáÞÉWLL ¡ æÇí-ÝÇí, æÇíãÇßÓ Ãæ Ãí ÔÈßÉ ÚÑíÖÉ ÃÎÑì.

ÌåÇÒ ÇáÜBTS áå ÃÓãÇÁ ÃÎÑì ãËá ÌåÇÒ ÇáÅÐÇÚÉ ÇáÞÇÚÏíÉ (RBS) æÚÞÏÉ ÈæáíÝíÇäæ (ÚäÏ ÊæÝíÑ ÎÏãÉ ÇáÌíá ÇáËÇáÊ3G)¡ æÚÞÏÉ ÈæáíÝíÇäæ ÇáãØæÑÉ (ÚäÏ ÊæÝíÑ ÎÏãÉ ÇáÌíá ÇáÑÇÈÚ4G Ãæ ÊØæÑ Øæíá ÇáÃãÏ LTE) Ãæ ÝÞØ ãÍØÉ ÞÇÚÏíÉ (BS).
ÈÑÛã Ãä ãÍØÉ ÇáÜBTS ÊÕáÍ áÃí äæÚ ãä ÇáÇÊÕÇáÇÊ ÇááÇÓßáíÉ¡ ÅáÇ ÃäåÇ ãÑÊÈØÉ ÚÇãÉ ÈÊÞäíÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇáÇÊ ÇáãÍãæáÉ ãËá GSM æCDMA.




ãÍØÉ ÇáÅÑÓÇá æÇáÇÓÊÞÈÇá ÇáÃÓÇÓíÉ (BTS) åí ÞØÚÉ ãä ÇáãÚÏÇÊ ÇáÊí ÊÓåá ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÇááÇÓáßí Èíä ÃÌåÒÉ ÇáãÓÊÎÏã (UE) æÇáÔÈßÉ. UEs åí ÃÌåÒÉ ãËá ÇáåæÇÊÝ ÇáãÍãæáÉ (ÇáåæÇÊÝ) ¡ åæÇÊÝ WLL ¡ ÃÌåÒÉ ÇáßãÈíæÊÑ ãÚ ÇÊÕÇá ÅäÊÑäÊ áÇÓáßí. íãßä Ãä Êßæä ÇáÔÈßÉ ãä Ãí ãä ÊÞäíÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇáÇÊ ÇááÇÓáßíÉ ãËá GSM Ãæ CDMA Ãæ ÇáÍáÞÉ ÇáãÍáíÉ ÇááÇÓáßíÉ Ãæ Wi-Fi Ãæ WiMAX Ãæ ÊÞäíÉ ÔÈßÉ æÇÓÚÉ ÃÎÑì (WAN).

A base transceiver station (BTS) is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs are devices like mobile phones (handsets), WLL phones, computers with wireless Internet connectivity. The network can be that of any of the wireless communication technologies like GSM, CDMA, wireless local loop, Wi-Fi, WiMAX or other wide area network (WAN) technology.
BTS is also referred to as the node B (in 3G Networks) or, simply, the Base Station (BS). For discussion of the LTE standard the abbreviation eNB for evolved node B is widely used.

íõÔÇÑ Åáì BTS ÃíÖðÇ ÈÇÓã ÇáÚÞÏÉ B (Ýí ÔÈßÇÊ 3G) Ãæ ÈÈÓÇØÉ ÇáãÍØÉ ÇáÃÓÇÓíÉ (BS). áãäÇÞÔÉ ãÚíÇÑ LTE ¡ íÓÊÎÏã ÇÎÊÕÇÑ eNB ááÚÞÏÉ ÇáãØæÑÉ B Úáì äØÇÞ æÇÓÚ.
Úáì ÇáÑÛã ãä Ãä ÇáãÕØáÍ BTS íãßä Ãä íäØÈÞ Úáì Ãí ãä ãÚÇííÑ ÇáÇÊÕÇáÇÊ ÇááÇÓáßíÉ ¡ ÝÅäå íÑÊÈØ ÈÔßá ÚÇã ÈÊßäæáæÌíÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇáÇÊ ÇáãÊäÞáÉ ãËá GSM æ CDMA. Ýí åÐÇ ÇáÕÏÏ ¡ ÊÔßá BTS ÌÒÁðÇ ãä ÊØæÑÇÊ ÇáäÙÇã ÇáÝÑÚí ááãÍØÉ ÇáÞÇÚÏÉ (BSS) áÅÏÇÑÉ ÇáäÙÇã. ÞÏ ÊÍÊæí ÃíÖðÇ Úáì ãÚÏÇÊ áÊÔÝíÑ æÝß ÊÔÝíÑ ÇáÇÊÕÇáÇÊ ¡ æÃÏæÇÊ ÝáÊÑÉ ÇáØíÝ (ãÑÔÍÇÊ ÊãÑíÑ ÇáäØÇÞ) ¡ æãÇ Åáì Ðáß. æíãßä ÇÚÊÈÇÑ ÇáåæÇÆíÇÊ ÃíÖðÇ ãßæäÇÊ BTS ÈÇáãÚäì ÇáÚÇã áÃäåÇ ÊÓåá Úãá BTS. ÚÇÏÉð ãÇ íßæä áãÍØÉ BTS ÚÏÉ ãÓÊÞÈöáÇÊ (TRXs) ÊÊíÍ áåÇ ÎÏãÉ ÚÏÉ ÊÑÏÏÇÊ ãÎÊáÝÉ æÞØÇÚÇÊ ãÎÊáÝÉ ãä ÇáÎáíÉ (Ýí ÍÇáÉ ÇáãÍØÇÊ ÇáÞÇÚÏÉ ÇáÞØÇÚíÉ). íÊã ÇáÊÍßã Ýí BTS ÈæÇÓØÉ æÍÏÉ ÊÍßã ãÍØÉ ÃÓÇÓíÉ ÃÕáíÉ ÚÈÑ æÙíÝÉ ÇáÊÍßã Ýí ÇáãÍØÉ ÇáÃÓÇÓíÉ (BCF). íÊã ÊØÈíÞ BCF ßæÍÏÉ ãäÝÕáÉ Ãæ ÍÊì íÊã ÏãÌåÇ Ýí TRX Ýí ãÍØÇÊ ÇáÃÓÇÓ ÇáãÏãÌÉ. íæÝÑ BCF ÇÊÕÇá ÊÔÛíá æÕíÇäÉ (O&M) ÈäÙÇã ÅÏÇÑÉ ÇáÔÈßÉ (NMS) ¡ æíÏíÑ ÍÇáÇÊ ÇáÊÔÛíá áßá TRX ¡ ÈÇáÅÖÇÝÉ Åáì ãÚÇáÌÉ ÇáÈÑÇãÌ æÌãÚ ÇáÅäÐÇÑÇÊ. íÈÞì Çáåíßá ÇáÃÓÇÓí ææÙÇÆÝ BTS ßãÇ åí ÈÛÖ ÇáäÙÑ Úä ÇáÊÞäíÇÊ ÇááÇÓáßíÉ

Though the term BTS can be applicable to any of the wireless communication standards, it is generally associated with mobile communication technologies like GSM and CDMA. In this regard, a BTS forms part of the base station subsystem (BSS) developments for system management. It may also have equipment for encrypting and decrypting communications, spectrum filtering tools (band pass filters), etc. antennas may also be considered as components of BTS in general sense as they facilitate the functioning of BTS. Typically a BTS will have several transceivers (TRXs) which allow it to serve several different frequencies and different sectors of the cell (in the case of sectorised base stations). A BTS is controlled by a parent base station controller via the base station control function (BCF). The BCF is implemented as a discrete unit or even incorporated in a TRX in compact base stations. The BCF provides an operations and maintenance (O&M) connection to the network management system (NMS), and manages operational states of each TRX, as well as software handling and alarm collection. The basic structure and functions of the BTS remains the same regardless of the wireless technologies.

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íÊßæä BTS ÚÇÏÉ ãä
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Transceiver (TRX)
Provides transmission and reception of signals. It also does sending and reception of signals to and from higher network entities (like the base station controller in mobile telephony).

Power amplifier (PA)
Amplifies the signal from TRX for transmission through antenna; may be integrated with TRX.

Combiner
Combines feeds from several TRXs so that they could be sent out through a single antenna. Allows for a reduction in the number of antenna used.

Multiplexer
For separating sending and receiving signals to/from antenna. Does sending and receiving signals through the same antenna ports (cables to antenna).

Antenna
This is the structure that the BTS lies underneath; it can be installed as it is or disguised in some way (Concealed cell sites).
Alarm extension system
Collects working status alarms of various units in the BTS and extends them to operations and maintenance (O&M) monitoring stations.

Control function
Controls and manages the various units of BTS, including any software. On-the-spot configurations, status changes, software upgrades, etc. are done through the control function.

Baseband receiver unit (BBxx)
Frequency hopping, signal DSP.

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ÔÑæØ ÈÔÃä BTS
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ÊÞäíÇÊ ÇáÊäæÚ Diversity techniques

áÊÍÓíä ÌæÏÉ ÇáÅÔÇÑÉ ÇáãÓÊÞÈáÉ ¡ ÛÇáÈðÇ ãÇ íÊã ÇÓÊÎÏÇã åæÇÆíÇÊ ÇÓÊÞÈÇá ¡ ãæÖæÚÉ Úáì ãÓÇÝÉ ÊÓÇæí ãÖÇÚÝ ÝÑÏí áÑÈÚ ÇáØæá ÇáãæÌí ÇáãÞÇÈá. ÈÇáäÓÈÉ Åáì 900 MHz ¡ íÈáÛ Øæá ÇáãæÌÉ åÐÇ 33 Óã. åÐå ÇáÊÞäíÉ ¡ ÇáãÚÑæÝÉ ÈÇÓã ÊäæÚ ÇáåæÇÆí Ãæ ÊäæÚ ÇáÝÖÇÁ ¡ ÊÊÌäÈ ÇáÇäÞØÇÚ ÇáäÇÌã Úä ÎÈæ ÇáãÓíÑ. íãßä ÊÈÇÚÏ ÇáåæÇÆíÇÊ ÃÝÞíÇð Ãæ ÑÃÓíÇð. ÇáÊÈÇÚÏ ÇáÃÝÞí íÊØáÈ ÊÑßíÈðÇ ÃßËÑ ÊÚÞíÏðÇ ¡ æáßäå íÍÞÞ ÃÏÇÁ ÃÝÖá.

To improve the quality of the received signal, often two receiving antennas are used, placed at a distance equal to an odd multiple of a quarter of the corresponding wavelength. For 900 MHz, this wavelength is 33 cm. This technique, known as antenna diversity or space diversity, avoids interruption caused by path fading. The antennas can be spaced horizontally or vertically. Horizontal spacing requires more complex installation, but brings better performance.

ÈÎáÇÝ ÊäæÚ ÇáåæÇÆí Ãæ ÇáÝÖÇÁ ¡ ÊæÌÏ ÊÞäíÇÊ ÊäæÚ ÃÎÑì ãËá ÊäæÚ ÇáÊÑÏÏ / ÇáæÞÊ ¡ æÊäæÚ ãÎØØ ÇáåæÇÆí ¡ æÊäæÚ ÇáÇÓÊÞØÇÈ.

Other than antenna or space diversity, there are other diversity techniques such as frequency/time diversity, antenna pattern diversity, and polarization diversity.

ÇáÇäÞÓÇã íÔíÑ Åáì ÊÏÝÞ ÇáØÇÞÉ ÏÇÎá ãäØÞÉ ãÚíäÉ ãä ÇáÎáíÉ ¡ æÇáãÚÑæÝÉ ÈÇÓã ÇáÞØÇÚ. áÐáß íãßä ÇÚÊÈÇÑ ßá ÍÞá ãËá ÎáíÉ æÇÍÏÉ ÌÏíÏÉ.

Splitting refers to the flow of power within a particular area of the cell, known as a sector. Every field can therefore be considered like one new cell.

ÇáåæÇÆíÇÊ ÇáÇÊÌÇåíÉ ÊÞáá ÊÏÇÎá LoRa (ÈÚíÏ ÇáãÏì). ÅÐÇ áã íÊã ÊÞÓíãåÇ Åáì ÇáÞØÇÚ ¡ ÝÓíÊã ÊÞÏíã ÇáÎáíÉ ÈæÇÓØÉ åæÇÆí ãÊÚÏÏ ÇáÇÊÌÇåÇÊ ¡ íÔÚ Ýí ÌãíÚ ÇáÇÊÌÇåÇÊ. åíßá äãæÐÌí åæ trisector ¡ ÇáãÚÑæÝ ÃíÖðÇ ÈÇÓã ÇáÈÑÓíã ¡ ÍíË íæÌÏ ËáÇËÉ ÞØÇÚÇÊ ÊÎÏãåÇ åæÇÆíÇÊ ãäÝÕáÉ. ßá ÞØÇÚ áÏíå ÇÊÌÇå ãäÝÕá ááÊÊÈÚ ¡ ÚÇÏÉ ãä 120 ÏÑÌÉ ÝíãÇ íÊÚáÞ ÈÊáß ÇáãÌÇæÑÉ. íãßä ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÊæÌåÇÊ ÃÎÑì áÊäÇÓÈ ÇáÙÑæÝ ÇáãÍáíÉ. ßãÇ íÊã ÊäÝíÐ ÇáÎáÇíÇ ÇáãÔØÑÉ. ÛÇáÈðÇ ãÇ íÊã ÊæÌíååÇ ãÚ ÇáåæÇÆíÇÊ ÇáÊí ÊÎÏã ÞØÇÚÇÊ 180 ÏÑÌÉ ÊÝÕá ÈÚÖåÇ Úä ÈÚÖ ¡ æáßä ãÑÉ ÃÎÑì ¡ ÊæÌÏ ÇÎÊáÇÝÇÊ ãÍáíÉ.

Directional antennas reduce LoRa (Long Range) interference. If not sectorised, the cell will be served by an omnidirectional antenna, which radiates in all directions. A typical structure is the trisector, also known as clover, in which there are three sectors served by separate antennas. Each sector has a separate direction of tracking, typically of 120° with respect to the adjacent ones. Other orientations may be used to suit the local conditions. Bisectored cells are also implemented. These are most often oriented with the antennas serving sectors of 180° separation to one another, but again, local variations do exist.


ãáÍæÙÉ åÐÇ ÇáãæÖæÚ ÊÞÑíÑ ÝÞØ æÎÇÑÌ ÎÏãÇÊ ÇáÔÑßÉ



ÇáãÑÌÚ:
https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85...AF%D9%8A%D8%A9
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_transceiver_station